The Reproductive System
Parts for Making Babies
Introduction
Gonads
Ducts
Glands
External Genitalia
Where Sperm are Made: Testes
Seminiferous tubules
Mitosis
Spermatagonia
→ Primary spermatocyteMeiosis: Spermatogenesis
Primary spermatocyte
→ Secondary Spermatocyte → SpermatidSpermiogenesis
Spermatids → sperm
Sustentacular cells
Structures and Layers Around the Seminiferous Tubules
Septum: part of Tunica Albuginea
Lobule
Tunica vaginalis: serous membrane
Scrotum
Cremaster muscle
Dartos muscle
Perineal raphe: extends forward & back
Septum
Anatomy of a Sperm
Head
Acrosomal cap
Middle piece
Tail
Traveling with Sperm: Formerly "Adventures with Sperm"
Leaving the seminiferous tubules
Going to the mediastinum of the testes
Straight tubule
→Rete Testis → Efferent ductuleEpididymis
Head, body, & tail
Spermatic cord
Ductus Deferens: Ampulla
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of the testicular vein
Ilioguinal & Genitofemoral nerves
Ejaculatory Duct
Meeting New Friends: Fluids of Glands
Seminal Vesicle
60% of seminal fluid
Fructose
Prostate: surrounds prostatic urethra
30% of seminal fluid weakly acidic
Seminalplasmin antibiotic
Bulbourethral gland: near spongy urethra
5% seminal fluid very alkaline
Fluids of epididymis & testes = 5%
Total volume 2-5ml 20-100 million sperm
Final Goodbye to Home: Passing through the Penis
Penis
Root, Body, Glans (external urethral orifice)
Removable Standard Feature: prepuce
Preputial gland - smegma
Corpus Spongiosum – Glans and Bulb
Corpora cavernosa
Crura
Where Eggs are Made: Ovaries
Oogenesis
Oogonia
→Primary oocytes in cortex of Ovary
Squamous folicular cells form primordial follicle
Primary Follicles develop - FSH
Granulosa cell and Thecal cells produce estradiol
Zona pellucida
Secondary Follicle: Antrum
Tertiary or mature Grafian Follicle
Secondary Oocyte & Polar body
Ovulation
– LH peakCorona Radiata
Where Eggs are Made: Ovaries
Oogenesis
Formation of Corpus Luteum
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Progesterone
Formation of Corpus Albicans
Atresia
The Ovarian Neighborhood
Germinal Epithelium: visceral peritoneum
Tunica albuginea
Ovarian ligament
Narrow attachment to uterus
Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament
Gonadal artery & Vein attach to ovarian hilum
Rectouterine pouch: Rectum
Vesicouterine pouch: urinary bladder
Travels of a Secondary Oocyte
The Uterine tubes (fallopian, oviducts)
Infundibulum: fimbriae & cilia
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural: within the uterus
Meeting the "boys"
Travels of Fertilized Ovum
The Uterus
Endometrium: a Mucosa
Functional layer: Spiral arteries
Basal layer: Straight arteries
Myometrium
Perimetrium: serosa
Fundus
Cervix
Internal & External Os
Settling Down and Checking out the Neighborhood
The Uterus
Round ligaments
Uterosacral ligaments
Cardinal ligaments
Events Inside the Uterus
Menses
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Menarche
Menopause
Goodbyes of a Greatly Changed Fertilized Ovum
Vagina
Hymen
Vestibular bulbs
Mucosa
Rugae
Adventitia
Fornix
Female External Genitalia
Vulva
Vestibule
Urethral and Vaginal Openings
Greater Vestibular glands (2)
Lesser Vestibular glands
Labia Minora
Prepuce for clitoris
Glans Clitoris
Labia Majora
Mons Pubis
Mammary Glands
Pectoral fat pad
Suspensory Ligaments
Nipple
Lactiferous ducts
Lactiferous sinus
Areola