Nervous System

 

Nervous Tissue

Goals:

1.)    Be able to recognize and name a neuron and glia cell

2.)    Be able to identify and name the structures of a neuron

 

Materials

1.      Slides

2.      Model of the neuron

 

  1. The Giant multi-polar cells and Spinal ganglia.  Identify the neurons, nucleus, soma, processes and satellite cells

 

  1. Teased preparation of medullated nerve.  Identify axons, myelin sheath, and nodes of ranvier.

 

  1. Medullated Nerve – cs and ls.  Identify fascicle,  endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium, axon and myelin sheath.

 

  1. Model of the neuron.

Soma

Axon

Dendrites

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Axolemma

Axoplasm

Axon hilus

 

Axon terminals

Synaptic endbulbs

Neurolemmocyte or Schwann Cell

Nucleus of Neurolemmocyte

Neurofibril node or Node of Ranvier

Neurolemma

Myelin Sheath

Endoneurium

Any regular cell organelle

 

The Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

 

Goals:

3.)    Be able to identify the structures of the spinal cord.

4.)    Be able to identify and name the plexeses and select nerves (see below) that originate from them.

 

Materials

3.      Slides 20A

4.      Models of the Spinal cords

5.      Preserved spinal cord

 

Activities:

 

  1. Transverse section of Spinal Cord (models and slide). 

 

Anterior white column

Posterior white column (Fasciculus gracilis & fasciculus cuneatus)

Lateral white column

Posterior gray horn

Anterior gray horn

Lateral gray horn

Posterior and anterior gray commissure

Central canal

Anterior median fissure

Posterior median sulcus

Dorsal root ganglia (Epineurium)

Ventral root (w/rootlets)

Dorsal root (w/rootlets)

Anterior white commissure

Dura mater

Arachnoid layer

Pia mater

Subarachnoid space

Denticulate ligament

Dorsal & Ventral Ramus

 

 

  1. Longitudinal spinal cord (models)

Anterior median fissure

Cervical plexus (phrenic nerve)

Brachial plexus (w/Posterior, medial and lateral cords)

Lumbar plexus (Femoral Nerve)

Sacral plexus (Sciatic Nerve)

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Denticulate ligament

Filum terminale

Caudus equina

Conus medullaris

Dorsal root ganglia

Rootlets

Dura mater

Lumbar enlargement

Cervical enlargement

Thoracic intercostal nerves

 Rami Communicantes

 

 

  1. Nerve Plaque:
    1. Ulnar, Radial, Median Nerves, and Palmar digital, dorsal digital
    2. Intercostal thoracic nerves, Phrenic (Green Back Plaque only)
    3. Femoral - Saphenous
    4. Sciatic - Sural & Tibial

 

The Brain

  1. Identify the brain stem and its parts on the brain model.

Medulla oblongata

Pons

Midbrain

Fourth ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct

Corpora quadrigemina

Superior colliculi

Inferior colliculi

Olive
Pyramid

Tectum

Cerebral peduncles

 

 

  1. Identify the cerebellum and it’s associate parts on the brain model.

Cerebellum

Arbor vitae

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Vermis

Folia

Cerebellar hemispheres

 

 

 

 

  1. Identify the diencephalon and its associate parts.

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

 Pineal gland

Third ventricle and its choroid plexus

Intermediate mass

Mammillary body

 

  1. Identify the cerebrum and its associate parts.

Frontal lobes

Parietal lobes

Occipital lobes

Temporal lobes

Longitudinal fissure

Central sulcus

Lateral cerebral sulcus

Transverse fissure

Precentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Septum pellucidum

Corpus callosum

Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle

Anterior commissure

Fornix

Lateral ventricles - Posterior, anterior and inferior horns

Cingulate Gyrus

Parieto-occipital sulcus
Falx Cerebri Tentorium Cerebelli Insula

 

  1. Identify and name the 12 cranial nerves.

I Olfactory bulb and tract

II Optic - optic chiasm and tract

III Oculomotor

IV Trochlear

V Trigeminal

VI Abduscens

VII Facial

VIII Vestibulocochlear

IX Glossopharyngeal

X Vagus

XI Accessory

XII Hypoglossal

Often Ogling Octopuses Twirl Tentacles At Foolish Vacationing Geriatric Vampires And Hippies

 

The Eye and the Ear

 

Goals:

5.)    Be able to identify the structures of the Eye.

6.)    Be able to identify and the structures of the Ear.

 

Materials

6.      Slides.

7.      Models of the Eye

8.      Models of the Ear

 

Activities:

 

  1. Slides of the Eye 

 

Sclera

Choroid layer

Retina (layers with *)

Ganglion cell layer*

Bipolar cell layer*

Photoreceptor layer (Rods and Cones*)

 

  1. Model of the Eye

Sclera

Choroid layer

Retina

Optic nerve

Iris

Lens

Ora serrata

Ciliary body

Medial & Lateral Canthus

Pupil

Cornea

Macula lutea with Central fovea

Tarsal plates

Inferior & Superior lacrimal canaliculi

Lacrimal gland

Nasolacrimal duct

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Inferior & Superior Lacrimal puncta

Anterior cavity - with Anterior & Posterior Chambers

Posterior cavity w/vitreous body

Conjunctiva

Lacrimal Caruncle

Suspensory ligaments

Medial rectus

Lateral rectus

Superior rectus

Inferior rectus

Inferior oblique

 Superior oblique

 Optic disc

 

 

  1. Slide of the cochlea

Scala vestibuli

Cochlear duct

Scala tympani

Vestibular membrane

Basilar membrane

Organ of Corti with Tectorial membrane

Hair Cells

 

 

 

 

16. Models of the Ear

Auricle or pinna

External Acoustic meatus

Tympanic membrane

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Eustachian tube

Semicircular canals (Anterior, posterior & lateral)

Ampulla

Cochlea

Vestibule

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Internal Acoustic canal

 Stapedius muscle

Tensor tympani muscle

Oval window

 Round window

 

 

 

 

 

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