The Nervous System:
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
An Introduction to the
Organization Brain
The Ventricles of the Brain
The Cranial Meninges
The Cerebrospinal Fluid
and Choroid Plexus
The Cerebrum
Functions of the Cerebrum
Motor and Sensory Areas
of the Cerebral Cortex
Central White Matter of the Brain
Basal Nuclei
Caudate & Lentiform nuclei – Subconscious motor control of skeletal muscles
Claustrum – Subconscious processing of visual information
Amygdaloid body – Integration center of limbic system
Emotional brain, memory and linking unconscious to conscious
The Limbic System
The Diencephalon: Thalamus & Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Sensory relay center
Part of limbic system, anterior side
Hypothalamus
Autonomic control
Temperature
Hunger & thirst
Eating: mamillary body
Connects to pituitary gland
Circadian rhythm
Heart rate & blood pressure: medulla oblongata
The Diencephalon: Hypothalamus
Mesencephalon - midbrain
Relay center for projection fibers of the brain
Corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculi: Visual relay center
Inferior colliculi: Auditory relay center
Pons
Cranial nerves 5-8
Sensory and motor nerves of the head
Modify breathing rates set in Medulla
Connects Cerebellum to rest of brain
Cerebellum
Cerebellar Peduncles
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Coordinates learned movements
Posture
Balance & Equilibrium
Cortex – purkinje cell
Folia
White matter – Arbor vitae
The Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Cardiovascular & Respiratory centers
Cranial nerves 8 – 12
Neck, back and Ventral cavity
Relay station
Autonomic reflex centers
Tracts to the hypothalamus
Cranial Nerves
I Olfactory
Sensory only: smell
II Optic
Sensory only: sight
Optic Chiasma
III Oculomotor
Motor: eye movements
IV Trochlear
Motor: superior oblique
Cranial Nerves
IV Trigeminal
Mixed: three branches
Ophthalmic: sensory - forehead and eyelids
Maxillary: sensory - Cheek and nose
Mandibular: muscles of mastication
VI Abducens
Motor: Lateral rectus muscle
VII Facial
Mixed
Motor: Facial muscles, salivary and mucous glands
Sensory: Taste & facial muscles
Cranial Nerves
VIII Vestibulocochlear
Sensory: Hearing & Balance
IX Glossopharyngeal
Mixed
Sensory: Taste and throat
Motor: swallowing
X Vagus
Mixed
Throat, Thoracic and Abdominal cavities
Cranial Nerves
XI Accessory nerve
Motor
Sternocleidomastoid & Trapezius
XII Hypoglossal
Motor
Tongue movements
The Origins of the Cranial Nerves