CLASS NOTES

CHAPTER 4: Using Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in

Small Group Communication

 

I.                     Case Study: The Search for A New Dean

a.      What are your thoughts on this case?

 

II.                   Creating messages in a small group

a.      Message defined:

 

III.                  How Communication Structures the Small Group

a.      Structuration defined:

 

b.      The theory contains three important assumptions.

                                                              i.       

                                                            ii.       

                                                          iii.       

IV.               Using language to help the group progress

                                                              i.      Follow the rules of standard English

1.      Code-switching

2.      Berkeley High School—slang dictionary

Why do this?

 

                                                            ii.      Adjust to the symbolic nature of language

1.      Bypassing defined:

 

2.      Concrete vs. abstract

 

3.      Strive to create shared meaning

 

                                                          iii.      Use emotive words cautiously

1.      Emotive words defined (trigger words):

 

                                                           iv.      Organize remarks

1.      The process of organizing

 

                                                             v.      Make sure the discussion question is clear and appropriate

1.      Summarize application of language use

a.      Unless the group has already narrowed a list of alternatives to two, avoid either-or questions

b.      Word questions as concretely as possible

c.      Avoid suggesting the answer in the question

d.      Apply critical thinking skills to questions you ask

 

V.                 Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication

a.      Nonverbal communication defined:

 

b.      Principles of nonverbal communication

                                                              i.       

 

                                                            ii.       

 

                                                          iii.       

 

c.      Functions of nonverbal communication

                                                              i.      Communicate emotions

                                                            ii.      Communicate how we perceive our relationship to other people

                                                          iii.      Supplement

                                                           iv.      Substitute

                                                             v.      Regulate

                                                           vi.      Contradict

 

d.      Categories of Nonverbal signals

                                                              i.      Appearance

 

                                                            ii.      Space and Seating

 

1.      group ecology:

 

                                                          iii.      Facial expressions and eye contact

 

                                                           iv.      Movements

 

                                                             v.      Voice

 

                                                           vi.      Timing

 

VI.               Nonverbal Behavior in Computer-Mediated Groups

a.      Net conference:

b.      Social presence:

c.      Emoticons: