Zoology Lab Exam 1 Review

Microscope (Lab 1)

• Know the parts of the compound light microscope and the function of each part.
• Be able to figure out the total magnification of the lens system.
• Be able to measure objects in the microscope.
• Be able to figure the diameter of a hypothetical field of view if given the diameter of another field of view
• Know these terms: resolving power, parfocal, depth of view, field of view.
• Understand how and when to use a dissecting microscope.
• Understand the electron microscopes and how they differ from the light microscopes.
• Be able to pick out a picture taken by a light versus a scanning versus an electron microscope.

Cells and Tissues (Lab 2)
 

• Be able to identify cell structures on a diagram, a model, and on a prepared slide.
• Understand the functions of the structures especially: nucleus, nucleolus, chromatin, chromosome, nuclear envelope, cell membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondrion, cytoplasm, lysosome, vacuole.
• Know the characteristics of the five general tissue types presented in lab, and be able to distinguish each under a microscope, drawing, or photograph.
• Know the characteristics of each of the specific tissue types and be able to distinguish each under a micrscope, drawing, or photograph.
• Know one location of each of the specific types of tissues.
• Know the function of each of the specific types of tissues.
• Know the stuctures important for each of the specific types of tissues (such as: basement membrane, free surface, nucleus, nucleolus, goblet cell, mucus, microvilli, lumen of duct, fibroblasts, elastic fibers, nonelastic fibers, matrix, lacunae, concentric layers, canaliculi, Haversian canal, osteocyte, chondrocyte, striations, intercalated disc, dendrites, axon, cell body, erythrocytes, luekocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets.

Mitosis/Meiosis (Lab 3)
 

• Understand the differences and similarities between mitosis and meiosis.
• Know the phases of both mitosis and meiosis
• Understand when and where mitosis and meiosis occurs.
• Understand these terms:  haploid, diploid, 1n, 2n, first and second meiotic divisions, cleavage furrow, spindle, chromatid, chromosome, spindle, aster, microtubules, centromere, centriole.
• Know the characteristics of each phase of mitosis and meiosis.
• Be able to identify the phases by model, microscope, drawing, and photograph.

Development (Lab 4)
 

• Understand the difference between these processes: growth, determination, differentiation, morphogenesis.
• Be able to identify a sperm cell and it major parts and and ovum.
• Understand the influence the amount of yolk has on the way a fertilized egg cleaves.  Know these terms: isolecithal, mesolecithal, telolecithal, and an animal example for each.
• Understand the differences between radial and spiral cleavage, and an animal example of each.
• Understand the differences between determinate and indeterminate development, and an animal example of each.
• Be able to identify the developmental stages of a starfish, frog, chicken, and human (model).
• Understand what the three germ layers are and how they are derived from the developmental stages.
• Know what each germ layer gives rise to (organs/systems).
• Be able to identify the structures on the developing chick at 24, 48, and 72 hours as presented in lab.