Botany 1

Exam 3 Review

Ch. 18 Bryophytes

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1.Know the basic characteristics of land plants as they are similar and different to the algae.
2.Understand the characteristics of Bryophytes.
3.Understand the sexual and asexual structures of Bryophytes

4.Know the three Divisions of Bryophytes in terms of characteristics and examples.

5.Know the life cycle of a liverwort and a moss.Be able to compare and contrast sexual/asexual and haploid/diploid structures in both examples.

6.Understand the economic importance of peat moss.

7.Understand different methods of spore dispersal.

Ch. 19 Seedless Vascular Plants

1.Understand the basic characteristics that separate the seedless vascular plants from the Bryophytes.
2.Understand the organization of the vascular plant body into tissue systems and primary/secondary growth.
3.Know the difference and similarities between tracheids, vessel members, and seive elements. 

4.Understand the three types of steles from the most primitive to the most advanced.

5.Understand how leaves are formed and what characterizes microphylls from megaphylls.

6.Know what the relationship of sporophyte and gametophyte and homosporous and heterosporous is in the seedless vascular plants contrasted to more primitive plants.

7.Know the Divisions of the seedless vascular plants and what characters differentiate these Divisions.What plants belong to what divisions?

8.What is the difference between the life cycle of Lycopodium and the life cycle of Selaginella?

9.Know the life cycle of the fern thoroughly.

Ch. 20 Gymnosperms

1.Know the structures and function of those structures in an ovule (integuments, megasporangium (nucellus), megaspore.
2.What exactly is a seed?What are the benefits of a seed (versus those plants without seeds)?
3.Know the five Divisions of seed plants and examples of each division.What characters separate the divisions.Which is the most primitive?Which is the most advanced?

4.Understand what gymnosperms are, including the typical life cycle of the pine.How do gymnosperms differ from angiosperms in terms of structures and life cycle?

5.Give examples of conifers.

Ch. 21, 22 Introduction to the Angiosperms, Evolution of the Angiosperms (flowers, fruits)

1.Know the main classes of Anthophyta and what kinds of plants are in each class.What characters separate the two classes?
2.Be able to diagram, label, and understand the parts, functions of those parts, and inflorescence.Know the flower and placentation terms.
3.Know the life cycle of the flower.What is double fertilization?

4.Understand pollination and what are the different agents of pollination.

5.Understand what a fruit is and how it is formed.How do fruits benefit the flowering plants?

6.Know the different kinds of fruits and how they are characterized.

7.How are seeds dispersed (name all the different ways).

Ch. 23 Early Development of the Plant Body (may be covered on the next exam in some semesters - check with me - C. Estrella)

1. Understand what happens to the cells in an ovule after double fertilization to produce the embryo and related structures.

2. Know the three tissue systems of the plant and how they were developed and what they will produce.

3. Know the stages a developing embryo goes through to reach a mature embryo with cotyledons.

4. Know the differences in development in respect to dicots with thick cotyledons, dicots with thin cotyledons, and monocots.

5. Know the parts of both a monocot and dicot seed with fully developed embryo. (Terms to learn: shoot and root apical meristems, hypocotyl-root axis, cotyledons, scutellum, coleorhiza, coleoptile, and endosperm.

6. Understand what dormancy, after-ripening, and germination is.

7. Know several different after-ripening factors and how they help the seedling survive.

8. Know the difference between epigeous and hypogeous germination.

Miscellaneous

1.Be able to compare and contrast the life cycles of Marchantia, moss, ferns, pine, and typical flowering plant.
2.Be able to discuss what adaptations were necessary to afford a land existence in the plants in terms of structures developed and changes in life cycles.
3.Be able to identify flower and fruit types using terminology characteristic in understanding the differences between flowers and fruits.