1. Know the classification of liverworts and mosses: Phyla Hepatophyta and Bryophyta.
2. U;understand the life cycle: alternation of hetermorphic generations and how it applies to liverworts and mosses.
3. Identify the structures drawn in the lab manual and what part of the life cycle each part represents.
4. Be able to identify structures in a cross section of a liverwort (air pores, chambers, chlorenchyma tissue, storage tissue.)
5. Identify anteridia and archegonia, and these
structures associated with them: spermatogenous tissue,
sterile jacket, venter, egg cell, sperm cell, neck. Use
microscope slides for this section.
1. Know and understand the characteristics of these examples: Psilotophyta (Psilotum), Lycophyta (Lycopodium, Salaginella, Isoetes), and Spenophyta (Equisetum).
2. Know what is unique about Psilotum and be able to identify the structures listed in the lab manual.
3. Identify the structures on the figure of Lycopodium. What are microphylls?
4. Be able to identify these structures on Selaginella: adventitious roots, stem, microphyll.
5. Identify on Equisetum: Strobilus, microphylls.
6. Know the difference between homosporous/heterosporous, microspores/megaspores, megasporophylls/microsporophylls, and microsporangia/megasporangia.
7. Know the structures of a fern body: lamina, pinna, rachis, petiole, rhizome, adventitious roots. What is circinnate vernation?
8. Be able to identify the structures on the transverse section of a rhizome.
9. What are sori, sporangia, and spores? What is an indusium?
10. Identify a prothallus (gametophyte), and stuctures su;ch as antheridia and archegonia. What are rhizoids?
11. Be familiar with the life cycle of a fern.
1. Know the four phyla of Gymnosperms and their examples.
2. Be familiar with the pine reproductive structures: microsporangiate strobili (male cones), microsporophylls, microsporangia (pollen sacs), microspore mother cells, microgametophytes (pollen grains). In the female cone: ovule, ovuliferous scales, micropyle, megaspore mother cell, sterile bract.
3. Identify stuctures of the ovule and the seed.
4. Be familiar with the pine life cycle (you may want to refer to your text, it’s a little easier to follow than the one in the lab manual.
5. Know the classification of the other gymnosperms (Ex. II)
6. Be able to use the key to identify branches of some
common conifers.
1. Know that the phylum Anthophyta contains two classes: Dicotyledones (what are some examples) and Monocotyledones (example).
2. Understand the structure and function of the flower starting with a simple primitive flower (magnolia) and understand how the parts have changed with the different types of plants (snapdragons etc.).
3. Identify these structures on a flower ovary (Lillium) slide: nucellus, integument, megaspore mother cells, megasporangium, placenta, funiculus and ovary wall.
4. Identify these structures in a lily anther (slide): pollen sacs (microsporangia).
5. On a pollen grain (slide) identify the vegetative cell (tube cell) and the generative cell.
6. Be familiar with the life cycle of a flowering plant (again, use your text for this).
7. What is double fertilization?
8. Understand the terms used to describe the parts of a flower and the types of flowers. Understand the attachment of the floral parts in reference to the position of the ovary (hypogeny, perigyny, epigyny). Understand regular and irregular symmetry. Learn the placentation types.
9. Be able to identify what type of inflorescence
a plant has if presented with an example.
1. Identify the parts of a bean flower and the tomato flower , and the apple flower. You are primarily looking for such structures as: stigma, style, ovary, anther, filament, stamens, sepals (calyx) and petals (corolla), locules, ovule, pedicle, floral tube, and placenta.
2. Be able to identify the pericarp (ectocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp) of fruits. Know what a seed looks like.
3. Be able to characterize the different types of fruits (such as, dry, fleshy, berry, hesperidium, pepo, pome, drupe, simple, compound, follicle, legume, capsule, nut, samara, achene, grain, aggregate, multiple, aggregate of achenes (strawberry), aggregate of follicles (magnolia). What is a pineapple? a rasberry? a mulberry?
4. Distinguish between dehiscent and indehiscent fruits.
5. Use a fruit
key to help review the fruits.