Final Exam Review (Final Exam
is Friday, May 23, 2008 in S-202 at 10:00 am)
Chapters to consider for the comprehensive portion:
3 (Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle) - Plant cell structures and functions. Cell cycle including G1, S, G2, and M stages.
7 (Photosynthesis) - Photons and wavelength energy of light, chlorophyll and accessory pigments, light dependent and light independent reactions.
8 (Sexual Reproduction and Heredity). - Mitosis (stages and characteristics of each stage).
12 Understand Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes and the organization of Taxonomy (Kingdoms, Phyla, etc.).
13 (Prokaryotes and Viruses) Mainly Bacterial structures, types of bacteria and the way they obtain and use energy, and the diseases they cause in plants. For viruses, mainly the diseases they can cause in plants and the simple structure of viruses in general. Economic considerations.
14 (Fungi) - General biology, reproduction, characteristics, major divisions, life cycles stressed in previous exam review. Reproductive structures. Economic considerations.
15 (Protista: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists) - General characteristics, evolution of the chloroplast (endosymbiotic theory), characteristics of the fungal-like and the algal phyla, survey of the different phyla and characteristic life cycles (plasmodial slime mold, Polysiphonia, Saprolegnia, Diatoms, Fucus, Chlamydomonas, and Ulva).
16 (Bryophytes) - Characteristic of Bryophytes, survey of divisions and life cycles as stressed previously (Moss). Reproductive structures (asexual/sexual).
17 (Seedless Vascular Plants) - General characteristics, root/stem/leaf evolution, survey of divisions, life cycles (Fern), reproductive structures.
18 Gymnosperms - General characteristics, survey of divisions, life cycles (pine), reproductive structures, economic considerations.
19 (Introduction to the Angiosperms) - General characteristics, life cycle (bean plant), flower structure and function, economic importance.
22 (Evolution of the Angiosperms) primarily the evolution of the flower and fruits including flower and fruit structures and functions.
Know the three primary meristems of plants and to which tissues they give rise.
Know the sequence of stages of development that eudicot embryos undergo.
How does the embryo development in monocots differ from that in eudicots?
What are the main parts of a mature eudicot or monocot embryo?
What is the role of the suspensor in eudicots?
Know where the apical meristems are located in the plant body and what they
do.
What is the difference between initials and derivatives?
What are the three primary meristems and what primary tissues do each produce?
How do parenchyma, sclerenchyma and collenchyma cells differ from each other.
What are their respective functions?
What are the principle conducting cells in xylem? In the phloem? What are characteristic
features of each cell type?
Know the roles played by the epidermis (what is its function, where and when
is it found, and if it is replaced, how and why.
Understand the differences between vessels, tracheids, sieve tube members, and
companion cells.
What is annular and helical thickenings in xylem and what is the function of
such adaptations?
The summary table of tissues and cell types at the end of the chapter is a useful
study aid.
Know the two different root systems. How do they differ from one another in
both origin and structure?
Know the two main types of root systems and what each is designed to do for
the plant. Which of the two would preserve the integrity of the top layer of
soil more effectively?
What is the root cap? Where does it come from? What changes does it undergo
as the root elongates? What are some functions of the root cap?
Know what tissues are found in a root at the end of primary growth. How are
they arranged from the inside to the outside of the root?
Know what changes on the primary body of the root occur as a result of secondary
growth. (There is a helpful diagram that summarizes the development of the root
from primary to secondary periods – this diagram was used and explained
in lecture and lab.)
What are lateral roots? Where do they come from? What is the function of lateral
roots?
What are root hairs and where do they come from? What do root hairs do?
Understand the location and the difference between the regions of cell division,
elongation, and maturation.
What is the Casperian strip and where is it located? What is its function?
The summary of root development at the end of the chapter is useful to study.
Know the structure of the shoot apical meristem of angiosperms.
What primary meristems are produced by the apical meristem?
Understand the relationship of the growing regions such as apical meristem,
leaf primordial, bud primordial, leaf, node, internode axillary bud, phytomere,
and leaf traces and gaps.
What structural differences exist between monocots and other angiosperms?
Understand the three basic types of organization I the primary structure of
stems in cross secton. (continuous hollow cylinder, discrete ring of bundles,
scattered vascular bundles.)
Know the structures and functions of those structures found in vascular bundles
of dicots and monocots.
Understand the development of a typical dicot stem from the apical meristem
to the end of the first year of growth.
Be able to list the tissues after the first year of growth from the inside to
the outside of a primary stem.
Know the morphology of a leaf.
Know the internal structure of a leaf including all layers for the upper epidermis
to the lower epidermis.
Know the functional difference between mesomorphic, hydromorphic, and xeromorphic
leaves. To what type of environment is each adapted?
Know terms used to describe leaf shape, arrangement, vein arrangement, and attachment
to the stem. What is a stipule and where would it be located?
Know leaf modifications and what they are modified to do.
What is leaf abscission? What are the two main zones of leaf abscission? What
is the function of leaf abscission?
What are some stem modifications and what is the function of each modification?
Give examples of each modification.
What is the difference between annuals, biennials, and perennials? Give an example
of each.
What type of cells make up the vascular cambium and how do these cells function?
Know the sequence of secondary growth and how it changes the primary plant body.
(The diagram used in lecture and lab is a helpful study aid for this.)
Where does the cork cambium come form and what tissues does it produce? What
is the function of the periderm?
What is bark, and how does its composition change over the life of a woody plant.
What is the difference between inner and outer bark?
What is wood, and how does conifer wood differ from angiosperm wood? What is
hardwood and softwood, heartwood and sapwood?
Be able to distinguish between transverse, radial, and tangential sections.
What is early wood and late wood (xylem)? What is ring porous and diffuse porous
wood?
What are initials and what are derivatives and what do each produce. Where is
each specifically found?
Know the structure of a twig in terms of buds, scars, lenticels and yearly growth
increments.
Know the difference between tracheids, vessels, rays, and parenchyma. What are
resin ducts and in what type of wood would you likely find them. What is the
function of resin ducts?
Know the difference between the colors, textures, and grains of woods.
What is compression wood and how/why is it formed?
The summary diagram at the end of the chapter on stem development is a helpful
study aid.
Chapter 31 Ecology (Not for Spring 2008)
Understand what food chains and food webs are and how they differ. Which is more stable?
Understand the flow of energy and recycling of matter in ecosystems.
Know the difference between populations, communities, and ecosystems. What are biomes and how are they determined? (check some informaiton in chapter for this).
Understand what trophic levels are and how pyramids are assembled. What are producers, consumers, and decomposers?
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