C. Estrella
Botany 1

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1. Understand what binomial nomenclature is and how it was developed by Carl Linn.

2. Understand the hierarchy of taxonomy from Kingdom to species.

3. Know the major differences between the Kingdoms and what type of organisms are in
each.

4. Understand the three major types of life cycles as they apply to the sexual life cycles of
organisms.

5. Understand the major methods of classification such as the traditional method (phylogenetic trees), cladistics, and molecular systematics.

6. Know the major domains of living organisms.

7. Understand how eukaryotes evolved in terms of the endosymbiotic theory.

Bacteria/Viruses

1. Understand the term prokaryotic.

2. Know the general characteristics of bacteria in terms of cell structure, cell wall
composition, Gram+, Gram-, capsule, endospore, ribosomes, flagella, and pili.

3. Know the difference between aerobic and anaerobic forms of bacteria.

4. Understand how bacteria reproduce and recombine (know the steps in recombination).

5. Understand the similarities and differences between heterotrophs, photosynthetic
bacteria, chemoautotrophic bacteria, archaebacteria, and soil bacteria.

6. Understand pathogenic bacteria some of the human and plant diseases they cause.

7. Understand what the cyanobacterial are and their ecological roles.

8. What are stomatolites?

9. Know what akinetes and heterocysts are.

10. Know the ecological and economic importance of bacteria.

11. Understand what a virus is and its economic importance.

12. Understand how a virus attack a cell such a bacteria.

13. Know some of the animal/human and plant diseases caused by viruses.

14. Know what a viroid is and how they are economically important.

1. Know the characteristics of fungi, especially those characteristics that set them apart
from other Kingdoms.

2. Understand the commercial value of fungi.

3. Understand the symbiotic relationships of mycorrhizae and roots.

4. Understand lichens and the symbiosis involved.

5. Understand the relationships of hyphae, mycelium, septate, non-septate.

6. Know what the specialized hyphae of saprobic and parasitic fungi are and how they are
used.

7. Understand the evolution of the fungi in terms of the appearance of the three divisions in
the fossil record.

8. Know what the three divisions of fungi are.

9. Understand the sexual and asexual reproductive structures of the fungi in the three
divisions are and how they are similar or different.

10. Understand heterokaryosis and the n + n condition.

11. Understand the life cycle of Rhizopus (bread mold) and the associated structures of the
life cycle.

12. Understand the biology of Pilobolus (the shooting fungus).

13. Understand the characteristics of the division Ascomycota.

14. Know some plant diseases caused by Ascomycota.

15. Know some edible Ascomycota.

16. Know the sexual and asexual structure and the life cycle of the cup fungus Peziza.

17. What is a crozier?

18. Understand the simple life cycle of a yeast.

19. What are the Fungi Imperfecti and what is their economic significance.

20. What are the dermatophytes and what do they metabolize?

21. What is Candida and what serious disease does it cause?

22. Understand the general biology of lichens and their uses.

23. Understand the characteristics of the division Basidiomycota and the three classes
within the division including representative members of each class.

24. What is clamp connection and what is its function.

25. Know the life cycle of a mushroom including the structures.

26. Know some "good" mushrooms and "bad" mushrooms.

27. Understand the life cycle of a typical rust such as Puccinia graminis.

28. Know what smuts are and some of the problems they may cause.

29. Understand what the types of mycorrhizae are and what type of plants they form
symbiotic relationships with.

1. Understand the characteristics of the four heterotrophic and 3 autotrophic divisions.

2. Know the 7 divisions and what examples are in each.

3. Understand the structures and life cycle of a typical Oomycota such as Saprolegnia.

4. Know about some of the crop destroyers in this group.

5. Understand the general life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum and the stages it exhibits.

6. Understand the life cycle of Physarum and the stages it exhibits.

7. Understand the division Chrysophyta in terms of general characteristics.

8. Understand the differences between the three classes in this division.

9. Know the reproductive structures of Vaucheria the water felt, especially the antheridia
and oogonium.

10. Understand what diatoms are and their general life cycle.

11. Know what the cell wall of diatoms are made of what the economic importance of
"diatomaceous earth" is.

12. Understand the characteristics and structures of the division Pyrrophyta.

13. What are Zooxanthellae and what is their ecologic importance with corals?

14. What is "red tide"?

15. Understand the characteristics of the division Euglenophyta.

16. What are the structures and functions of those structures found in Euglena.

1. Know what protists are included in Protista II and why they have been placed there.
2. Understand what are heterokonts and what do they have in common.
3. Know the general characteristics of the Oomycota and what makes them different from the other herterokonts.
4. Know some important diseases caused by the Oomycetes.
5. Understand the life cycle of Saprolegnia.
6. Know the characteristics of diatoms.
7. Understand what the cell walls of diatoms are made of and how this affects their life cylce.
8. Know the ecological and economic importance of diatoms.
9. Know the characteristics of the brown algae (Phaeophyta).
10. Understand the life cycle of Fucus as a representative brown alga.
11. Know some of the examples discussed in class such as Fucus, Laminaria, Macrocystis, and Sargassum.
12. Know the difference between the kelps and the rockweeds.
13. Understand the main structures of a kelp.
14. Know the characteristics of the green algae (Chlorophyta).
15. Understand why the green algae are considered to be the direct anscestors of the plants.
16. Know the modes of cell division in the main groups of green algae (such as phycoplast and phragmoplast lines). What are the differences?
17. Understand what the volvocine line means and the significance of the chlamydomonas like cell.
18. Understand the difference between isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy.
19. Know the general life cycle of Chlamydomonas, Ulva, and understand the sexual stages of Spirogyra.
20. Understand what is mean by the different body forms and organization in the green algae such as unicellular, colonial, multicellular, filamentous, parenchymatous, and siphonous, motile, and non-motile.
21. Know the main examples discussed in class such as Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Chlorella.
Know the ecological and economic importance of the