C. Estrella

Biology 4

Chapter 16 Learning Objectives

 

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

 

1.    Summarize the experiments performed by the following scientists, which provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material:  Frederick Griffith, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, and Erwin Chrgaff.

2.    List the three components of a nucleotide.

3.    Distinguish between deoxyribose and ribose.

4.    List the nitrogen bases found in DNA, and distinguish between pyrimidine and purine.

5.    Explain how Watson and crick deduced the structure of DNA, and what evidence they used.

6.    Explain the “base-pairing rule and describe its significance.

7.    Describe the structure of DNA, and explain what kind of chemical bond connects the nucleotides of each strand and what type of bond holds the two strands together.

8.    Explain, in your own words, semiconservative replication, and describe the Meselson-Stahl experiment (using isotopes of nitrogen in the culture medium and centrifuging between replications).

9.    Describe the process of DNA replication, and explain the role of helicase, DNA polymerase, ligase, and primase.

10. Explain what energy source drives endergonic synthesis of DNA.

11. Define antiparallel, and explain why continuous synthesis of both DNA strands is not possible.

12. Distinguish between the leading strand and the lagging strand.

13. Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized when DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the 3’ end.

  1. Describe the role of DNA polymerase, ligase, and repair enzymes in DNA proofreading and repair.