Chapter 14 (Mendel and the Gene Idea) learning objectives

 

 

  1. List several features of Mendel’s methods that contributed to his success.
  2. List the four components of Mendel’s hypothesis that led him to deduce the law of segregation.
  3. What is the law of segregation?
  4. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of a monohybrid cross and state the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F1 and F2 generation.
  5. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype; heterozygous and homozygous; dominant and recessive.
  6. Explain how a testcross can be used to determine if a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
  7. Define random event, and explain why it is significant that allele segregation during meiosis and fusion of gametes at fertilization are random events.
  8. Use the rule of multiplication to calculate the probability that a particular F2 individual will be homozygous recessive or homozygous dominant.
  9. Given a Mendelian cross, use the rule of addition to calculate the probability a particular F2 individual will be heterozygous.
  10. What is the law of independent assortment?
  11. Use the Punnett square to predict the results of a dihybrid cross and state the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring.
  12. Understand incomplete dominance.
  13. Explain how the phenotypic expression of the heterozygote is affected by complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
  14. Describe the inheritance of the ABO blood system and explain why the A and B alleles are said to be codominant.
  15. Define and give examples of pleiotropy.
  16. Explain what is meant by “one gene is epistatic to another.”
  17. Explain how epistasis affects the phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross.
  18. Describe a simple model for polygenic inheritance, and explain why most polygenic characters are described in quantitative terms.
  19. Describe how environmental factors can influence the phenotypic expression of a character.
  20. Given a simple family pedigree, deduce the genotypes of some of the family members.
  21. Describe the inheritance and expression of cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and sickle-cell anemia.
  22. Give an example of a lethal dominant gene in humans and explain how it can escape elimination in a population.
  23. Explain how carrier recognition, fetal testing and newborn screening can be used in genetic screening and counseling.