Prenatal Development

FILM

Prenatal Stages

n Germinal Period

n

n Implantation marks the end of this period

Patterns of Development

n Cephalocaudal

n

n Proximodistal

n Development occurs from the inside out

Prenatal Health Risks

n Low birth weight and prematurity

n

n Teratogens

n Agents that raise the incidence of deviations or malformations in developing organism

Prenatal Health Risks

n Teratogens

n

n Sedative or antinausea medication

n Given to women in the late 50’s and early 60’s

n Defects

n

Prenatal Health Risks

n Teratogens

n

n Synthetic hormone prescribed to prevent miscarriage

n Taken by about 2-5 million women, 1945-1965

n Effects

n Girls:

n Boys:

n Demonstrates that effects may not appear immediately

Prenatal Health Risks

n Teratogens

n

n 1/3 of infants who have alcoholic mothers

n Children of social or binge drinkers are also at risk

Prenatal Health Risks

n Teratogens

n Alcohol

n Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

n Symptoms

n

n Underdeveloped brain

n

n Eye abnormalities

n

n Malformations of the face

Prenatal Health Risks

n Teratogens

n Alcohol

n

n Show some of the symptoms of FAS

Prenatal Health Risks

n Teratogens

n

n The number of packs smoked is negatively correlated with birth weight

n

n Problems with growth, emotional, and physical development

n Associated with learning difficulties

Prenatal Health Risks

n Other Teratogens

n

n Lead and PCBs can produce birth defects and hinder brain development

Prenatal Health Risks

n Other Teratogens

n

n Chlamydia conjunctivitis

n Chlamydia pneumonia

n Prematurity and fetal death

Prenatal Health Risks

n Other Teratogens

n Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

n

n Gonococcal eye infection

n

Prenatal Health Risks

n Other Teratogens

n Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

n

n High risk of stillbirth or death soon after delivery

n Newborn complications (may not show signs for 3-8 weeks)

n

n Mental retardation

n

n Inflammation of bones in arms and legs

Prenatal Health Risks

n Other Teratogens

n Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

n

n Newborn complications (may not show up for 2-3 weeks)

n

n Throat infections

n

Prenatal Health Risks

n Other Teratogens

n Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

n

Prenatal Health Risks

n Other Teratogens

n Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

n

n Baby can contract virus from mother in utero, during delivery, or through breastfeeding

General Principles of Teratogens

n Effects depend on developmental stage

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