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APA Format
General
Formatting Rules:
1” margins.
12 point Times
Roman Font Style.
.
Left justification
and no hyphenation.
Page Header and
page number in upper right corner of all pages.
Page Header and Page
Number
Page Header and
page number in upper right corner of all pages.
.
Page header is
first 2-3 words of title.
.
5 spaces between
page header and page number.
Title Page: Running
Head
Running head:
abbreviated title not exceeding 50 characters.
.
Formatting for Title
Page
Running head is
flush left at the top of the page.
Title, author’s
name & affiliation centered in the upper half of page.
Title Page: Title
The title should
summarize the main idea of the paper in 10-12 words.
.
Title Page: Author’s
Name
Omit all titles
(e.g., Dr.) and degrees (e.g., Ph.D.).
Affiliation
Abstract
Begins on page 2.
.
The abstract is a
blocked summary (left justification, no indent) of the paper.
Should be written
so reader has general idea of the purpose, participants, procedure, results &
major findings.
Introduction
The introduction
begins on page 3.
The title of the
article is centered on the first line (use more lines if necessary).
.
Introduction
The first
paragraph should introduce the topic or question(s) that will be addressed in
the paper.
The body of the
introduction consists of a semi-comprehensive literature review of the
topic/research question.
You should review
research and theoretical interpretations of the topic/research question.
Introduction
The literature
review should lead up to the rational for the current study.
Briefly describe
the research design & then state the hypotheses.
Do not
discuss the findings or implications of the study in the introduction.
Methods
The method section
describes in detail how the study was conducted.
other
investigators should be able to replicate the study
Methods
The methods
section consists of the following labeled sub-sections:
•
• apparatus and/or materials
• design and measures
•
Methods
Participants:
The participants
sub-section states who the participants were, how many were used, and
appropriate demographic information such as gender, ethnicity.
Also state if any
participants were not included in the data analysis (dropped out or incomplete
data).
Methods
Apparatus
and Materials:
You should list
and describe all the apparatus and materials used (stopwatches, computers, word
lists, Skinner box).
You should put
copies of special stimuli used in an appendix page.
Provide references
for materials used from another researcher or publisher .
Methods
Measures:
Operationally
define variables.
Describe measures
used to obtain data (e.g., questionnaires or scales).
Describe how
variables were coded.
Methods
Procedure:
Specify the
specific steps necessary for the execution of the study.
You need to tell
the reader what you did & how you did it.
Methods
Procedure:
Be sure to state
that the subjects were provided with a consent form and were debriefed after the
study was completed.
Results
The results should
summarize the collected data and your statistical treatment of them.
You should include
tables and figures which summarize your data.
Be sure to refer
the reader to all tables and figures.
DO NOT
Discussion
You should start
your discussion by restating your hypotheses and indicating whether they were
supported by the data.
Next, discuss the
theoretical implications of your results and how they compare to previous
research discussed in the introduction section.
Do theories need
to be modified due to your findings?
Make suggestions
for improvement of your study and future studies.
References: Journal
Articles
Author(s):
.
Use commas to
separate authors, to separate surnames and initials, and use an ampersand (&)
before the last author.
References: Journal
Articles
Publication
Date:
Place year of
publication in parentheses followed by a period.
If an article has
been accepted for publication, but has not been published yet, type (in press).
References: Journal
Articles
Title of
Article:
Capitalize only
the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns.
References: Journal
Articles
Publication
Information:
Give the full
periodic title, in uppercase and lowercase letters.
Give the volume
number. If each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue number in
parentheses immediately after the volume number.
.
References: Journal
Articles
Publication
Information:
Give inclusive
page numbers.
References: Journal
Articles
Pagination
by issue - Each issue starts with page #1. You must include the issue number:
Continuous
pagination - Each issue starts with the next page number. You do not include the
issue number:
References: Books
Author(s):
List all authors,
surname first followed by first and middle initial.
Use commas to
separate authors, to separate surnames and initials, and use an ampersand (&)
before the last author.
References: Books
Publication
Date:
Place year of
publication in parentheses followed by a period.
References: Books
Title:
Capitalize only
the first word of the title & of the subtitle, if any, & any proper nouns.
.
State the edition
number.
References: Books
Publication
Information:
Give the city
Use a colon after
location.
Give the name of
the publisher in as brief a form as is intelligible.
References: Books
Format for the
Reference Page
The reference page
is a separate page in the text.
Type the word
‘References’ centered on the first line.
Reference Page
Order of
references:
Arrange references
in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author, using the following
rules:
1.
Alphabetize letter by letter:
Reference Page
2. If an
author has several citations, arrange by the following rules:
Citing Sources in
the Text
Single Author:
When the author’s
name is part of the narrative:
Citing Sources in
the Text
Single Author:
When the author’s
name is NOT part of the narrative:
Citing Sources in
the Text
Two Authors:
When the authors’
names are part of the narrative:
Citing Sources in
the Text
Two Authors:
When the authors
names are NOT part of the narrative:
Citing Sources in
the Text
Three to Five
Authors:
All author’s are
cited the first time the reference occurs.
Citing Sources in
the Text
Three to Five
Authors:
Only the first
authors is cited in subsequent citations.
Citing Sources in
the Text
Six or More
Authors:
Use the
abbreviation et al. after the first author’s last name in every
citation.
Citing Sources in
the Text
Secondary
Sources:
To cite work
discussed in a secondary source, give the secondary source in the list of
references and cite in the test as follows:
APA Format for
Tables
General
Format:
Each table or
figure must be labeled with an Arabic number.
Ø
Call the first table "Table 1"; call the second table "Table 2", and so forth.
Ø
Call the first figure "Figure 1"; call the second figure “Figure 2”, and so
forth.
APA Format for
Tables
How to draw
a table:
1. Place each
table on its own separate page.
2. Type an
informative title atop the table & underline it.
3. Write the
title on a separate line. Each word in the title is capitalized and the entire
title is underlined.
APA Format for
Tables
How to draw
a table:
4. Be sure to name
each IV as well as each level of a particular IV.
5. It is
conventional to report both means & standard deviations.
APA Format for
Tables
APA Format for
Figures
How to draw
a figure:
1. Each
figure is drawn on its own separate page.
2. The title
for the figure goes on a separate page (figure caption page).
3. Figure 1 is
underlined and the title begins on the same line and ends with a period.
4.Only the first
letter of the title is capitalized, except for proper nouns.
APA Format for
Figures
How to draw
a figure:
5. The figure
caption should name the DV and mention all relevant IV’s.
APA Format for
Figures
No 3d graphs
allowed
No color graphs
allowed
APA Format for
Figures
APA Format for
Tables
How to refer
to tables and figures in the text.
1. Refer and
introduce to the reader each table or figure in the text.
APA Format for
Tables
How to refer
to tables and figures in the text.
2. Tell the
reader what to look for and where to find it.
Order of Manuscript
Pages
Title page
(separate page, numbered page 1).
Abstract
(separate page, numbered page 2).
Text
(separate page, numbered page 3).
References
(start on a separate page).
Appendixes
(start each on a separate page)
Author Note
(start on a separate page).
Footnotes
(list together, starting on a separate page)
Tables
(start each on a separate page).
Figure captions
(list together, starting on a separate page).
Figures
(place each on a separate page).
Order of Manuscript
Pages
Writing Style
information can be found on pages 31-76 in the APA manual.
Spacing &
Punctuation information can be found on page 290 of the APA manual.
Quotation
information can be found on pages 292-293 in the APA manual.
Statistical and
Mathematical Copy information can be found on pages 293-295 in the APA manual.