Memory
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An internal record or representation of some prior event or
experience.
Demo
Repressed Memories
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Repression:
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Eyewitness Testimony
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Video
Eyewitness Testimony
Loftus study
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Ceci study
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Results
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Some Key Points in Interviewing Children
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Memory Construction
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The misinformation effect:
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Source amnesia:
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Sleeper effect:
Serial Position Effect
n
Remembering information at the beginning and end of a list better
than material in the middle
Three-Stage Model
n
Sensory Memory
¨
First stage of memory where a relatively exact image of each
sensory experience is held briefly until it can be further processed.
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Iconic Memory:
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Echoic Memory:
Demo
Three-Stage Model
n
Short-Term Memory
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Demo
Three-Stage Model
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Short-Term Memory.
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2 features of short-term memory
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Limited capacity (Magic #7)
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Chunking:
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Limited duration (~20 secs.)
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Rehearsal:
Three-Stage Model
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Long-Term Memory
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Third stage of memory that functions as storage of information for
long periods of time.
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Overview of Model
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How does information get into memory?
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How is information maintained in memory?
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How is information pulled back out of memory?
Memory as a Computer
The Process of Memory
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Encoding:
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Storage:
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Retaining the information in your brain so you will have it later.
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Retrieval:
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Encoding
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Attention
n
Selective attention
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Divided attention
Encoding
n
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Structural =
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Phonemic =
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Semantic =
n
Deeper processing = longer lasting memory codes
Integrating Approaches
Forgetting
n
Forgetting is the inability to recall previously learned
information
Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve
n
Forgetting rate is steep just
after learning and then becomes a gradual loss of recall
Theories of Forgetting
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Theories of Forgetting
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Encoding failure: may contribute to information never being
encoded from STM to LTM and thus forgotten.
Demo
Theories of Forgetting
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Retrieval failure: the information is still within LTM, but cannot
be recalled because the retrieval cue is absent
Paper Option
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Describe a study routine that is supported by memory research.
What could you do to increase the likelihood of studied material resulting in
long-term storage and easy retrieval? Compare this routine to your current
study habits. Will you try this research-supported method or continue with your
current method? Why or why not?