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SLEEP

True or False?

Are you sleep deprived?

Rhythms of Sleeping & Waking

n   Biological clocks: 

n   Circadian rhythm: 

¨ Controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Circadian Rhythm Disruptions

n   Disruptions may lead to:

¨

¨

¨

¨ Jet lag

n 

¨ Accidents

n 

n 

Treatments?

n   Light therapy

n   Melatonin

Stages of Sleep

n    Hypnagogic state:

n    Non-REM

          Stage one

          Stage two

          Stage three

          Stage four

n    REM: rapid eyes movements, high frequency brain waves, paralysis of large muscles, & dreaming

Stages of Sleep

The cycles of sleep

REM Sleep

n   Often called paradoxical sleep, brain waves are similar to awake.

        -

n   Functions:

¨ Consolidation of new memories

¨ Learning:  REM ↑ after learning sessions.

¨ Biological need:  REM rebound.

Importance of Non-REM Sleep?

n   Non-REM sleep

¨

Effects of Sleep Deprivation

•      ↓ immunity

•      Mood alteration

•      ↓ concentration & motivation

•      ↑ irritability

•      Lapses in attention

•      ↓ motor skills

Why do we sleep?

n   Repair/Restoration: 

n   Evolutionary/Circadian theory: 

Dreams

Dream Survey

DREAMS

n     Psychoanalytic Perspective:  Dreams are disguised symbols of repressed desires & anxieties.

¨  Manifest content: 

¨  Latent content: 

n     Biological Perspective:  Activation-synthesis hypothesis.

n     Cognitive Perspective: 

Dream Interpretation

Sleep Problems

   Insomnia:  Difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep; not feeling rested after sleeping.

    Sleep apnea: 

    Narcolepsy: 

Somnambulism: 

        Nightmares: 
 

        Night Terrors: