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Personality

Person Perception

Demo

Personality

n   Distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

n     Structure of personality

¨   Id -

¨   Ego -

¨   Superego –

n     Levels of awareness

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n     Conflict

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Freud

n     Conscious:

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n     Preconscious:

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n     Unconscious:

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Freud’s model of personality dynamics

Defense Mechanisms

n      Projection:

n      Repression:  anxiety-evoking thoughts are pushed into the unconscious

n      Rationalization:  Substituting socially acceptable reasons

n      Reaction formation: 

n      Regression:  Responding to a threatening situation in a way appropriate to an earlier age or level of development

n      Displacement: 

n      Identification: 

n      Denial: person refuses to recognize reality

n      Sublimation:

Freud on Development: Psychosexual Stages

n    Sexual = physical pleasure
 

n    Psychosexual stages

¨  Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

n   Fixation =

n   Overemphasis on psychosexual needs during fixated stage
 

Assessing the Unconscious

n   Projective Tests

¨ used to assess personality

n   How?

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Assessing the Unconscious -- Rorschach

n    Rorschach Inkblot Test

¨  the most widely used projective test

¨  a set of 10 inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach

Assessing the Unconscious--TAT

Trait Theory

n    Traits are relatively stable & consistent personal characteristics

¨  Allport:

¨  Cattel:

¨  Eysenck:

The Five-Factor Model

n      Extraversion

n      Neuroticism

n      Openness to experience

n      Agreeableness

n      Conscientiousness

Assessing Traits: An Example

n   Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Humanistic Perspectives

n    Carl Rogers

¨  Person-centered Theory

n   Self-concept

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Humanistic Perspectives

n    Abraham Maslow

¨  Self-actualization theory

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Behavioral Perspectives

n     Skinner’s views

¨   Conditioning and response tendencies

¨   Environmental determinism

n     Bandura’s views

¨   Social leaning and social cognitive theory

n   Observational learning

n   Models

n   Self-efficacy

n     Mischel’s views

Biological Perspectives

n   Eysenk’s theory

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n   Behavioral genetics

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