REVIEW FOR EXAM #3

FALL 2008

Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis Chapter 10

1. Define diploid. Define haploid.
2. What are the major features of mitosis and meiosis? Know
3. What are three important functions performed by cells undergoing mitosis?
4. What are the stages of interphase?
5. During what part of interphase are the chromosomes duplicated?
6. What are the stages of mitosis?
7. What events occur during each of the following: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase
8. What is cytokinesis?
9. Compare how chromosomes line up and split apart during metaphase and anaphase of mitosis
10. Compare how chromosomes line up and split apart during metaphase I vs. metaphase II, and anaphase I vs. anaphase II.
11. What are the major features of meiosis?
12. What are homologous chromosomes?
13. What are the stages of meiosis?
14. What is crossing over? When does it occur in meiosis?
15. What is the reduction division of meiosis?
16. When do the sister chromatids separate in meiosis?
17. What is the outcome of sexual reproduction? (i.e. what is the result of meiosis and sexual reproduction?)
18. If you have a parent cell with 4 chromosomes, after undergoing meiosis, the resulting cells will have _____number of chromosomes.

Observable Patterns of Inheritance (Chapter 11)

1. Define the following terms: gene, allele, locus, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, parental generation (P), first-generation offspring (F₁)
2. Know how to complete a monohybrid cross. They will be on the test.
3. Know how to set up a dihybrid cross.
4. What is Mendel’s Theory of Segregation?
5. What is a testcross?
6. What is Mendel’s Theory of Independent Assortment?
7. Explain ABO blood groups in humans. What is the pattern of inheritance with ABO blood groups?
8. What are the sex chromosomes for males and females?
9. What is meant by X-linked genes? Be able to make a cross with parents carrying X-linked diseases i.e. colorblindness.
10. Who is the father of genetics?

Evolution (Chapter 13 and 14)

1. Who is given credit for natural selection (remember, it’s not just Darwin)?

2. Understand Darwin’s theory on natural selection.

3. Why are variations within a population important?
4. Define and understand evolutions and microevolution
5. How does natural selection produce evolution in populations?
6. How does mutation produce evolution in populations?
7. What is genetic drift? Is this more pronounced in small or large populations?
8. List the evidence for evolution
9. Does the fossil record show a complete picture of evolution?
10. Know the biological species concept developed by Ernst Mayr. When does speciation occur? What mechanisms specifically, contribute to genetic divergence in a population that may lead to speciation?
11. What is artificial selection? Give an example.
12. Be able to explain the large number of fruit fly species on the island of Hawaii (what term is used to describe the burst of divergence)?

Origin of Life on Earth (Chapter 15)
1. Know what the Urey and Miller experiment. What did they use in their experiment and what did it test?
2. What molecule is hypothesized to be the first to store genetic information for life on earth.?
3. Know what the Endosymbiont theory is.
4. Why did cells develop organelles?
5. Why does cell size have a max limit?
6. What is hypothesized to be the first multicellular organism on earth?

Bacteria, Fungi, and Protist (Chapter 16)

1. Compare and contrast a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Be able to give examples of each

2. Describe the function of bacterial spores and bacterial capsules.

3. What terms are used to describe the cell shapes and cell arrangement of bacterial

cells?

4. Several infectious diseases were discussed in lecture. Classify the microorganisms listed as bacteria, fungus, or a protist

a. Giardia lamblia – causes diarrhea from drinking contaminated water

b. Plasmodium – cause of malaria

c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis –cause of tuberculosis

d. Streptococcus pyogenes – cause of pharyngitis

e. Trychophyton – cause of ringworm