Biology 1 Review Sheet, Fall 2007  - Exam 1

 

The chapters covered on Exam 1 include the following: 1, 2, 3, & 4

 

Study tips; a review sheet can help better prepare you for an exam if  used correctly. Do not use this sheet as your only source to study from for the exam. Study your class notes, read the assigned chapters, study the objectives section in each lab and be sure you understand the concepts presented during lab. Once you have studied the material and feel prepared to take the exam, take out this study sheet and attempt to answer each question without using notes or the book. If you are able to answer most of the questions listed, your ready for the exam.  DO NOT just memorize the questions and answers from the study sheet. This will not help you prepare. The questions on the exam are not worded exactly like the questions presented on this review sheet.

 

Chapter 1; Concepts and Methods in Biology

  1. In what ways do all living things exhibit unity? List and describe these characteristics.
  2. What is the single unit of life able to live and reproduce on its own?
  3. KNOW the 12 levels of biological organization (starting with the atom) and be able to describe and define each level!
  4. List in order and understand the steps of the scientific method.
  5. Know the difference between an experimental group and a control group. Is a control group treated differently from the experimental group?
  6.  Know the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory. How does theory differ from speculation?
  7. Know how to write a hypothesis. What criteria must be met to make a hypothesis valid?

Chemistry and Organic Molecules (Chapters 2 )

  1. What is the structure of an atom? What are the subatomic particles?
  2. How do you calculate the atomic mass of an atom? How do you calculate the atomic number of an atom?
  3. What is an element?
  4. What is a molecule? A compound?
  5. What are the 4 most commonly occurring atoms in living things?
  6. What is an ion?
  7. What is a covalent bond? What is an ionic bond? What is a hydrogen bond?
  8. What does the pH scale measure? What pH ranges are considered acidic? What pH ranges are considered basic?
  9. What are the four categories of organic molecules? What is a polymer?
  10. What is dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)? What is hydrolysis?
  11. What is the basic subunit of carbohydrates? What is the main function of carbohydrates?
  12. What are lipids? What are the different types of lipids? What are the subunits of fats?
  13. What are the functions of proteins? What are the subunits of proteins? What are the different levels of protein structure?
  14. What are the functions of nucleic acids? What are the subunits that make up nucleic acid?

Cell Membrane Structure and Diffusion/Osmosis  (Chapter 3)

1. Know composition and characteristics of the plasma membrane.

2. Explain the difference between active transport and passive transport.

3. Define diffusion, osmosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, & isotonic.

      4.You should be able to give examples of osmosis under the following

conditions: hypertonic, hypotonic, & isotonic.

    1. For example, if a single celled protozoan is placed in a beaker containing a 30% sucrose solution, will the cell shrink or will the cell burst?
    2. If a red blood cell was placed in a hypotonic solution would the cell swell or shrink?

Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 4)

1.Compare and contrast the compound light microscope and the electron microscopes

2. Be able to explain the function of each organelle and cell structure listed and  identify each as belonging to a plant cell, an animal cell or both:  ribosomes, golgi complex, rough ER, smooth ER, nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, lysosomes, centrioles, cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole, and flagella.

3. How does  the prokaryotic cell differ from the eukaryotic – explain?

4. List, understand, and apply the three tenets to the cell theory.

5. Review the metric conversions in your lab manual on page 29.  Similar problems will be on the exam.